CERAMIDE 4

CERAMIDE 4 - Names and Identifiers

Name	Ceramide 3
Synonyms	CERAMIDE 3 Ceramide 3 CERAMIDE 2 CERAMIDE 4 CERAMIDE 5 CERAMIDE 1 CERAMIDE 1 A CERAMIDE 6 II CAPROYL SPHINGOSINE
CAS	100403-19-8
EINECS	309-560-3

CERAMIDE 4 - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C24H47NO3
Molar Mass	397.63488
Use	Strengthen the skin anti-aging function

CERAMIDE 4 - Preparation

Ceramide can be synthesized through 3 different pathways, namely the de novo synthesis pathway, the sphingomyelinase pathway and the remedial pathway. The de novo synthesis pathway is the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum by serine palmitoyltransferase catalyzing serine and palmitoyl CoA to form 3-ketodihydrosphinganol, which then forms dihydrosphingosine, and then acylates dihydro, finally, dihydroceramide is dehydrogenated to form ceramide. The remedy is to form sphingosine under the action of glycosylated sphingolipids and sphingomyelin in lysosomes, acidic sphingomyelinase and acidic ceramidase. The same dihydrosphingosine can be used in the endoplasmic reticulum. Ceramide synthetase acylates to form ceramide. In addition, ceramide can also be produced by the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin on the cell membrane through the sphingomyelinase (sphingomyelinase,SMase) pathway.

Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15

CERAMIDE 4 - Reference Information

what is ceramide?	ceramide (Ceramide) is a class of phospholipids with ceramide as the skeleton, mainly ceramide phosphocholine and ceramide phosphoethanolamine. Phospholipids are the main components of cell membranes. The 40% ~ 50% sebum in the stratum corneum is composed of ceramide. Ceramide is the main part of the intercellular matrix and plays an important role in maintaining the balance of water in the stratum corneum. Ceramide has a strong ability to associate water molecules. It maintains skin moisture by forming a network in the stratum corneum. Therefore, ceramide has the effect of maintaining skin moisture. Ceramide is the latest generation of humectant developed in recent years. It is a water-soluble lipid substance. It has a similar structure to the material that constitutes the stratum corneum of the skin. It can quickly penetrate into the skin and combine with the water in the stratum corneum to form a network structure that locks moisture. ceramide is the main component (>50%) of the intercellular lipid body of the stratum corneum that exists on the outermost side of human skin. it plays an important role in preventing water emission and protecting external stimuli. it plays an important role in protecting skin, moisturizing and moisturizing. There are also many research reports that the use of ceramide-containing topical ointment products can achieve the purpose of preventing allergic skin diseases and inhibiting melanin brown spots.
external effect	the most widely known function of ceramide is to form a waterproof barrier on the skin. And combined with other lipids in a certain proportion can strengthen the barrier effect of ceramide. The best proportion is 50% ceramide, 25% cholesterol and 15% free fatty acids. This "transparent layered structure" mixture has a unique moisturizing function. Therefore, there are mechanisms that can explain the maintenance effect of ceramide.
the effect of ceramide on skin	1. moisturizing effect: ceramide is the main component of the stratum corneum lipid of the skin, which can help repair the skin barrier and make the skin soft and shiny. But with age, ceramide gradually decreases, and the skin becomes dull and dry without it. 2. Barrier function: sufficient ceramide in the skin can resist external stimulation, but if it is missing or not, the skin loses its natural protective function and has no defense capability for all injuries such as external physics and biology. For example, the skin is more prone to sunburn when exposed to the sun, and the weather gets cold and red. 3. Anti-allergic effect: This is a good news for children's shoes with thin skin. Ceramide can help thicken the stratum corneum, improve the tolerance of the whole skin, protect against the invasion of harmful substances from the outside world, avoid sensitive occurrence, and repair red blood streaks. 4. in addition, ceramide has very good anti-aging, auxiliary whitening and antioxidant effects.
application	1. anti-tumor many tumors are related to cell anti-apoptosis, therefore, the treatment of tumors is mainly to induce cell apoptosis. Traditional tumor treatment mainly relies on drug chemotherapy to induce apoptosis. Ceramide is different from general drugs in treating tumors. It can directly act on the apoptosis signal transduction pathway to cause apoptosis. Therefore, ceramide has opened up a new therapeutic scheme for anti-tumor. Ceramides are divided into endogenous ceramides and exogenous ceramides. In the process of treating tumors, the concentration of intracellular ceramide can be increased by directly adding exogenous ceramide or promoting the synthesis of endogenous ceramide to induce apoptosis, so as to achieve the purpose of treating tumors. When cells are stimulated by various external conditions, endogenous ceramide begins to synthesize, which promotes the increase of intracellular ceramide concentration and may induce a series of physiological and pathological reactions such as apoptosis. Therefore, ceramide is considered to be a lipid that can inhibit tumor cells. 2. prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases vascular endothelial cells are the first barrier of cardiovascular system. the integrity and endocrine function of vascular endothelial cells are related to whether the function of cardiovascular system is normal. When the body is in a state of disease, the expression of a large number of inflammatory factors in the body will increase sharply. Overexpression of inflammatory factors will affect the integrity and endocrine function of endothelial cells, and in severe cases, it may even lead to endothelial cell apoptosis. Ceramide plays a significant role in inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. It can be seen that ceramide plays a very important role in regulating the integrity of endothelial cells and endocrine function. Ceramide induces apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells through Fas, which plays a very important role in studying the mechanism of ceramide-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. 3. anti-inflammatory TNF (tumor necrosis factor) is a positive regulator of inflammation, TNF can directly activate neutrophils, in recent years, data show that increasing the amount of intracellular ceramide can increase the amount of TNF in the body, and then trigger a variety of cell apoptosis. The effect of ceramide on TNF, a positive regulator of inflammation, indicates that ceramide has anti-inflammatory effect.
Preparation method	Ceramide can be synthesized through 3 different pathways, namely the de novo synthesis pathway, the sphingomyelinase pathway and the remedial pathway. The de novo synthesis pathway is in the endoplasmic The cytoplasmic surface of the reticulum is catalyzed by serine palmitoyltransferase to form 3-ketodihydrosheathinol (3-ketosphylamine), and then forms dihydrosphingol, then the ceramide synthase acylates dihydrosphingosine to produce dihydroceramide, and finally the dihydroceramide is dehydrogenated to form ceramide. The remedial way is to form sphingosine with saccharified sphingolipids and sphingomyelin in the lysosome under the action of glycosidase, acidic sphingomyelinase and acidic ceramidase. The same dihydrosphingosine can be used in the endoplasmic reticulum. Ceramide synthetase acylates to form ceramide. In addition, ceramide can also be produced by the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin on the cell membrane through the sphingomyelinase (sphingomyelinase,SMase) pathway.
use	strengthen skin anti-aging function